Fig 2: Effects of HeidihuangWan (HDHW) on autophagy. (A) Immunohistochemical staining analysis of Beclin1, LC3II expression. (B) Western Blotting to detect the protein levels of Beclin1, LC3II. (C,D) Image-Pro Plus software was used to statistically analyze the immunohistochemical staining results of Beclin1 and LC3II, respectively. (E,F) Protein concentration analysis. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 6. The data are expressed as ***p < 0.001: compared with normal control group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001: compared with 5/6 nephrectomy group, respectively.

Fig 3: Canagliflozin ameliorates podocyte autophagy inhibiteded by B lymphocytes of MN rats. MPC group: control of normal podocytes not co-cultured with B-cells; NC group: podocytes were co-cultured with B-cells of normal control rats; MN group: podocytes were co-cultured with B-cells of MN rats; Canag group: podocytes were co-cultured with B-cells of rats treated with canagliflozin; Los group: podocytes were co-cultured with B-cells of rats treated with losartan. (A, B) Western blots and quantification analyses of nephrin, podocin, and synaptopodin in podocytes. (C, D) Western blots and quantification analyses of beclin1, p62, and LC3 II in podocytes. (E–G) Western blots and quantification analyses of the expression of mTOR/ULK1 in podocytes. Data are shown as mean ± SEM values. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for multiple comparisons was used. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.